These four facts--karma, reincarnation, all-pervasive divinity and dharma--are the essence of the
Vedas and
Agamas and the fabric of every Hindu's life. Speak of them to all who will listen. They are the heritage of all souls.
Karma
According as one acts, so does he become. One becomes virtuous by virtuous action, bad by bad action.Yajur Veda, Brihadaranyaka Upanishad 4.4.5
Karma literally means "deed" or "act" and more broadly
names the universal principle of cause and effect, action and reaction
which governs all life. Karma is a natural law of the mind, just as
gravity is a law of matter. Karma is not fate, for man acts with free
will, creating his own destiny. The Vedas tell us, if we sow goodness,
we will reap goodness; if we sow evil, we will reap evil. Karma refers
to the totality of our actions and their concomitant reactions in this
and previous lives, all of which determines our future. It is the
interplay between our experience and how we respond to it that makes
karma devastating or helpfully invigorating. The conquest of karma lies
in intelligent action and dispassionate reaction. Not all karmas rebound
immediately. Some accumulate and return unexpectedly in this or other
births.
Reincarnation
After death, the soul goes to the next world, bearing
in mind the subtle impressions of its deeds, and after reaping their
harvest returns again to this world of action. Thus, he who has desires
continues subject to rebirth.Yajur Veda, Brihadaranyaka Upanishad 4.4.6
Reincarnation, punarjanma, is the natural process of
birth, death and rebirth. At death we drop off the physical body and
continue evolving in the inner worlds in our subtle bodies, until we
again enter into birth. Through the ages, reincarnation has been the
great consoling element within Hinduism, eliminating the fear of death.
We are not the body in which we live but the immortal soul which
inhabits many bodies in its evolutionary journey through samsara. After
death, we continue to exist in unseen worlds, enjoying or suffering the
harvest of earthly deeds until it comes time for yet another physical
birth. The actions set in motion in previous lives form the tendencies
and conditions of the next. Reincarnation ceases when karma is resolved,
God is realized and moksha, liberation, is attained.
All-Pervasive Divinity
He is the God of forms infinite in whose glory all
things are--smaller than the smallest atom, and yet the Creator of all,
ever living in the mystery of His creation. In the vision of this God of
love there is everlasting peace. He is the Lord of all who, hidden in
the heart of things, watches over the world of time. Krishna Yajur Veda, Shvetashvatara Upanishad 4.14-15
As a family of faiths, Hinduism upholds a wide array of
perspectives on the Divine, yet all worship the one, all-pervasive
Supreme Being hailed in the Upanishads. As Absolute Reality, God is
unmanifest, unchanging and transcendent, the Self God, timeless,
formless and spaceless. As Pure Consciousness, God is the manifest
primal substance, pure love and light flowing through all form, existing
everywhere in time and space as infinite intelligence and power. As
Primal Soul, God is our personal Lord, source of all three worlds, our
Father-Mother God who protects, nurtures and guides us. We beseech God's
grace in our lives while also knowing that He/She is the essence of our
soul, the life of our life. Each denomination also venerates its own
pantheon of Divinities, Mahadevas, or "great angels," who were created
by the Supreme Lord and who serve and adore Him.
Dharma
Dharma yields Heaven's honor and Earth's wealth. What
is there then that is more fruitful for a man? There is nothing more
rewarding than dharma, nor anything more ruinous than its neglect.Tirukural 31-32
When God created the universe, He endowed it with order,
with the laws to govern creation. Dharma is God's di vine law prevailing
on every level of existence, from the sustaining cosmic order to
religious and moral laws which bind us in harmony with that order.
Related to the soul, dharma is the mode of conduct most conducive to
spiritual advancement, the right and righteous path. It is piety and
ethi cal practice, duty and ob ligation. When we follow dharma, we are
in conformity with the Truth that inheres and instructs the universe,
and we naturally abide in closeness to God. Adharma is opposition to
divine law. Dharma is to the individual what its normal development is
to a seed--the orderly fulfillment of an inherent nature and destiny.